Thyagaraja Temple, Tiruvottiyur
(also called as Vadivudai Amman Temple) in Tiruvottiyur is dedicated to Hindu god Shiva.
Praised by 3 Nayanars(7th century)
and pattinathar
The temple from the Pallava times of the 7th century was widely expanded by Chola king Rajendra Chola I .during the 11th century.
The temple has a seven tiered gateway tower.
The temple is one of the 51 Sakthi Peetams in the country.
Legend
Shrine of Vadivudai Amman
Once, two asuras, Madhu and Kaithaba tricked the gods and stole the Vedas, chopped them to pieces and hid in the bottom of the sea.
Vishnu fought the demons, but could not defeat them.He prayed to Shiva and Parvati and with their help accomplishment, he was able to defeat the demons.
He took the form of Matsya, a fish to search the Vedas and recovered them from the bottom of the sea and brought them to the deity at this temple, who reassembled and purified them.
The temple was the centre of learning, with the halls inside the temple acting as venue for religious discourses in subjects like vyakarna (translation), Somasiddantha (philosophy) and Panini's grammar.[
There was a hermitage attached to the temple during the 9th century, presided over by Caturananas Pandithar.
The temple also had philosophical discourses and expositions on grammar. There are references to recital of Prabhakara, Rudra, Yamala, Purana, Sivadharma, Panchanga and Bharata.
Lands were granted to learned scholars and their generation like Vedavritti, Bhattavriti, Vaidyavritti and Archanavritti.
There are a number of inscriptions inside the temple dating back to Pallava period
.
Sankaracharya, is believed to have visited the temple to put down the power of evil energy.
The dancing girls (Devadasi) in the temple, were divided into two groups - the valankai dasis danced for Thyagaraja, while the idangai dasis danced for Vadivudaiamman.[
During the reign of the Malik Kafur, much of the temple was destroyed.
the bronze idols present now in the temple were installed during the Vijayanagara period of the 15th century.
A 13th-century inscription indicates the practise of animal sacrifices to the goddess, along with offerings of intoxicating drink .this continued till the early 2000s.
Famous saints like Pattinathar, Topeswamigal and Ramalinga Swamigal lived in this town and prayed Thyagaraja in this temple.
This place is also home to Thiruvottiyur Thyagayyar who is a carnatic composer and poet
The temple had been a centre of learning as seen from the inscriptions in the temple. The inscriptions indicate specific subjects like Purvamimansa styled as Pravahakarma.
There were also provisions made for feeding and maintaining for teachers and students
.
The Temple
The gopuram of the temple
The presiding deity is Aadhipureeswarar is in the form of a mud mound. covered by armour.
On the day of the full moon of karthigai, the armour is removed and the representation of the god is visible to devotees. The Lord is anointed with punugu, javvadhu, and sampirani oils. There is a Durga shrine in the northern side of the temple. Inside the main temple complex, opposite the main shrine, is Nataraja shrine and in the koshta is the Ganapati shrine. The Ganapati is known as Gunalaya Ganapati (abode of bliss) and there is also the idol of Adi Shankara, just behind the main shrine inside the complex. There are also deities like Subrahmanya installed there. The Dakshinamurthy statue is in the northern Koshta facing south there is also the subcomplex shrine of Kali. Adi Shankara is said[by whom?] to have installed a chakra to calm down the Devi and to make her Sowmya roopi (calm and resplendent). To this day, a select group of Nampoothiri families perform the pooja and aradhana to this Lord and Goddess as desired by Adi Shankara.
The name of the goddess at this temple is Vadivudaiamman alias Tripurasundari. The goddess is housed in a separate shrine inside the Temple complex. The temple with Vadivudai Amman as its chief goddess is the third of the Sakthi temple triad in the region of the Tondaimandalam, namely, Thiruvudai Amman (also known as Ichchaa Sakthi, the goddess who fulfills devotees' wishes), Vadivudai Amman (also known as Gnaana Shakti, the goddess who blesses with gnana or knowledge), and Kodiyidai Ammam (also known as Kriya Shakti, the goddess who assists in all actions). The Kodiyidai Amman shrine is at Thirumullaivoyal while the Thiruvudai Amman shrine is at Melur (Minjur).
Other deities in the temple include Agasalingam, Thiruvotrieswarar, Thiruputheeswarar (between Vattaparaiman and Durga shrines), Kuzhandhai Eesar, Kalyana Sundarar, Jaganadhar, Annamalayar, Ramanathar, Suryan, Chandran, Nalvars, Jambukeswarar, Nagalingar, Meenakshi, Sundareswarar, Sahasralingam, Amirthakandeesar, Gowlieeswarar, and Ekapaadhar, Gunalaya Vinayagar, Aruljothi Murugan, Valar Kali. The twenty seven stars of Tamil calendar are believed to have worshipped Shiva in this temple.
The inscription park at the temple has about 20 inscriptions from the time of the Chola kings installed.
Thyagaraja Cult
Though the presiding deity of the temple is Adipuriswarar, the temple is closely associated with the Thyagaraja cult of Saivism.[14] Somaskanda is the iconic form of Thyagaraja and is believed to have emerged from the 10th century, the period coinciding Raja Raja Chola.The 8th-century saint Sundarar is believed to have spread the cult from Tiruvarur to the temple here.
The Lord tricked him by making him take a vow that he would never leave Tiruvottriyur, but he breaks the promise and becomes blind.
The Lord of Tiruvottriyur and Tiruvarur are the same in terms of religious experience, but on the pilgrim tradition, Tiruvottriyur is affronted because Sundarar abandons and goes back to Tiruvarur.The event is celebrated every year in the temple.
The seven dance forms of Thyagaraja, the Sapthavitankam, is represented in the cultic network comprising Thyagarajar Temple in Tiruvarur, Dharbaranyeswarar Temple in Tirunallar, Kayarohanaswamy Temple in Nagapattinam, Kannayariamudayar Temple in Thirukarayil, Brahmapureeswarar Temple in Thirukkuvalai, Vaimoornaathar Temple in Tiruvaimur and Vedaranyeswarar Temple in Vedaranyam.
The Tiruvottiyur temple is placed at the centre of a similar network comprising Marundeeswarar Temple in Tiruvanmiyur, Accalpuram in Sirkali and Tirukachoor near Singaperumalkoil, treated closest to the myth of Tiruvarur.
Both the Tiruvarur and Tiruvottriyur temples are believed to have the same dance poses by Shiva, as asserted by Tiruvorriyurpuranam.
The dance pattern of the temple is called Padamanatanam, a continuation of Tiruvarur temple - Vishnu is believed to have gone berserk and missed the dance at Tiruvarur, and Thyagaraja asked him to go to Tiruvottriyur where he said he promised to perform the same dance.
Literary mention
The temple is reverred in the verses of Tevaram, the 7th century saivite canonical work by the three saint poets namely, Appar, Sundarar and Sambandar.
"People of this world!
if you want to reach the feet of the Lord who sang the Vētams and who placed the flood of the Kaṅkai on his head,patiently listen to the way by which you can attain them.
being united in the body of those who have burnt with the help of the fire of spiritual wisdom which grants the ultimate reality, all evil thoughts.
the king of Oṟṟiyūr is the light in the hearts of such people".
The temple was the home of the Hindu saint Pattinathar[20] and the location where he attained samadhi in the form of a lingam. It is the birthplace of Kaliya Nayanar, one of the 63 Nayanars. This temple of yore finds a definitive place in Tamil Saivite history as this is the place where the Marriage of Sree Gnanasambandar was supposed to happen but concluded in Sree Gnanasambandar being absorbed with several others into the jyothi before the marriage could be solemnised. The Carnatic composer Tyagaraja visited this temple[20] and composed the Thiruvottiyur Pancharatna or 5 Gems in praise of the Goddess Sree Tripurasundari. Tiruvorriyur Mummanikovai is a work in praise of the deity in the temple. Tiruvorriyur Antathi is a 19th-century work by Gnanasampathavaran in praise of the deity of the temple.
Tiruvorriyur Moovar Tamil is an extract of Tevaram specific to the temple. Tiruvorriyur Nadana Sarithram is a historic depiction of dance in the temple
Vadivudaiampal Asiriyavirutham by Rama Mudaliar, Vadivudaiamman Kummipadal, Vadivudaiamman Navarattinam and Vadivudaiamman Panssarathinam by Kanniappa Uvattiyayar are 19th century works glorifying Vadivudaiamman, the prime consort of the primary deity of the temple.
The Nineteenth century Saint Shri Ramalinga Adigalar was a daily visitor to this temple during his younger days and has sung many poems in praise of this Lord. The other important Saint associated with this temple is Shri Topeswamy.
Festivals
The main festival is performed in the Tamil month of Masi (February–March) and historically draws large crowd.
On the eighth day, an additional function called Mahiladisevai is performed.
The Durgadevi shrine in the northern side of the temple is associated with Kannagi, the protagonist of Silappadikaram,
Each year a 15-day festival is celebrated in honour of Durga Devi and on the last day, the thatch roof of the event is burnt to symbolize Kannagi burning Madurai at the end of the epic.
Temple administration
During 1786 to 1831 CE, there were frequent clashes between the right-hand castes comprising handicraft people and poor and the left-hand castes comprising wealthy and parsimonious merchants.